The Possible Enhancement Effect of Vitamin E on the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment of Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infraction in Male Albino Rats

Background: Survivors of myocardial infarction develop scarring followed by ventricular remodeling despite optimum medical care . Stem-cell-based therapy has been given increased attention in terms of its potential contribution to cardiovascular regeneration . However, the therapeutic potential of MSCs is hindered by their low survival rate after transplantation in damaged myocardium.
The Aim of the Present Study: Is to find out whether vitamin E can enhance the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell treatment of isoproterenol-induced myocardial Infarction in rats or not.
Material and Methods: Fifty Albino rats were divided into 5 equal groups :Group I (Control group): Rats received 1 ml of normal saline SC for 4 weeks. Group II (Isoproterenol group): Rats were given by SC injection 85 mg Isoproterenol / kg.b.w. once daily for two successive days. Group III (Vit E– isoproterenol "ISO" group): Rats were treated with ISO once daily for 2 days and after 1 week, they received Vit E(100mg/kg b.w./day) orally for 1 week. Group IV (Stem cell group): The rats were treated with ISO for 2 days as in group II, and after 1 week from the last dose of ISO, the animals had received MSCs intravenously with 2x1o6 cells/ rat . Group V (stem cell and vit. E group) : The rats were treated with ISO and Vit. E as in group III, and after the last dose of Vit.E, the animals were injected with the MSCs intravenously as in group IV. After rat scarification ,the sections of hearts were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Masson’s Trichrome stains .Also Immunohistochemical study was done to detect caspas-3 and CD105. Morphometric study: The mean area percentage of collagen fiber deposition and Caspase immuno-expression was quantified in five images from five non-overlapping fields of each rat . The data were collected from the experiment , recorded and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.
Results: In ISO group , there were a wide separation of cardiac muscle fibers with extravasation of blood.In ISP and vit. E group ,there were a moderate separation of cardiac muscle fibers and extravasation of blood. In ISO &stem cell group , there were slight separation of cardiac muscle with minimal extravasation In ISO ,vit.E and stem cell group ,the cardiac muscle fibers were nearly similar to control group but with minimal extravasation . In this group, there was a minimal amount of collagen fibers when compared with groups II ,III and IV . Also, it showed positive caspase -3 immune reaction . As to CD 105 ,this group also showed more positive cytoplasmic reaction in regenerating cardiac muscle.
Conclusion: We can conclude that if either Vit.E preparations or stem cells are given alone after myocardial infarction, some improvement of myocardial fibers occurs but when they are given together(VitE. And stem cells), better results are obtained